AltaScient Insights – Critical Minerals – Week of August 20, 2025

Image: Copper Ore, iStock by Getty Images

Outlook: Resilience and Realignment

This week’s developments highlight how countries are racing to build resilience into critical mineral supply chains. China’s policy swings keep markets on edge, India is moving quickly to secure partnerships and explore domestic reserves, the U.S. is investing heavily in local capabilities, and global institutions like the UN are stepping in with proposals. Expect the months and years ahead to bring further realignment as nations and industries build resource resilience and adjust to shifting trade frameworks. It is important to note that while long-term strategy via building capabilities is vital, short-mid-term supply and operational concerns have to be addressed by multiple sectors including semiconductors, defense and automotive.

Highlights: 

China’s Rare Earth Magnet Exports Rebound

China’s exports of rare earth magnets surged 75% in July compared to June, marking a six-month high. This follows steep declines in April and May after export controls were imposed. The rebound suggests markets are adjusting, though volatility remains a feature. Downstream industries, especially in EVs and electronics, are quickly recalibrating supply chains in response.

India Secures Supply Through Bilateral Deals

India has signed agreements with Australia, Argentina, Zambia, Peru, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Côte d’Ivoire, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) to diversify critical mineral sourcing. These partnerships are designed to shield its supply chains from export restrictions and build a long-term foundation for domestic industries. The government is also engaging platforms like the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP), IPEF, and iCET to further bolster multilateral coordination and strategic access.

Arizona Copper Mine in Spotlight

The White House is backing a Arizona copper project, jointly owned by Rio Tinto (55%) and BHP (45%). The mine project has faced strong opposition from the San Carlos Apache Tribe over cultural and environmental concerns. Easing tariffs on copper products such as copper wiring and copper pipes has provided momentum for development.

India Discovers New Rare Earth Deposits

India’s Ministry of Mines announced the discovery of a significant rare earth reservoir in Madhya Pradesh coalfields. This strengthens India’s domestic reserves at a time of increasing global competition for critical minerals. Officials noted the find could reduce India’s reliance on Chinese imports and support its clean energy manufacturing ambitions.

UN Floats Global Minerals Trust

The United Nations is evaluating the creation of a Global Minerals Trust, a framework that could pool resources and coordinate supply for the energy transition. While still early, such a mechanism could reshape governance and trade for decades to come. However, reaching consensus among resource-rich nations and major importers may prove geopolitically difficult.

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